During both World Wars the main thrust of Germany’s U-boat campaigns concentrated on the Western approaches to the British Isles, the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea, which were far more lucrative and safer for U-boats to operate in than the North Sea and the east coast of Britain. Nevertheless, the U-boat threat was still present in the latter areas with the sinking of and damage to, many naval and mercantile ships, as well as the laying of minefields, bearing testimony to the U-boats’ attentions. Ron Morris here provides an account of the main incidents involving U-boats within the limited context of the Firth of Forth and its approaches. The full article (2MB) can be viewed below or downloaded.